Countable and Uncountable nouns

It's important to distinguish between countable and uncountable nouns in English because their usage is different in regards to both determiners and verbs.

Countable nouns

Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable noun.

Singular          Plural

one dog           two dogs

one horse         two horses

one man           two men

one idea           two ideas

one shop          two shops

Examples

•     She has three dogs.
•     I own a house.
•     I would like two books please.
•     How many friends do you have?

Uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.

Examples

•     tea
•     sugar
•     water
•     air
•     rice
•     beauty
•     anger
•     fear
•     love
•     money
•     research
•     safety
•     evidence

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a day of. If you want to about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?"

Examples

•     There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
•     He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
•     Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
•     He did not have much sugar left.
•     Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
•     How much rice do you want?

Tricky spots

Some nouns are countable in other languages but uncountable in English. They must follow the rules for uncountable nouns. The most common ones are:

accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, furniture, information, luggage, news, progress, traffic, travel, trouble, weather, work

Examples

•     I would like to give you some advice.
•     How much bread should I bring?
•     I didn't make much progress today.
•     This looks like a lot of trouble to me.
•     We did an hour of work yesterday.

Be careful with the noun hair which is normally uncountable in English, so it is not used in the plural. It can be countable only when referring to individual hairs.

Examples :

•     She has long blond hair.
•     The child's hair was curly.
•     I washed my hair yesterday.
•     My father is getting a few grey hairs now. (refers to individual hairs)
•     I found a hair in my soup! (refers to a single strand of hair)

Sentence Pattern : Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier

sentence pattern is patterns of sentences in English that consists of 4 elements of the subject , verb , complement , modifier.

      subject

      subjects is a people, animal or object perform an activities. in the English sentence must have a subject and a predicate ( verb ) , the subject is the perpetrator . Subjects can be a single noun ( singular ) , example , coffee is delicious . Subjects can also be a noun phrase ( noun phrase ) , for example, the book is on the table . Noun phrase that is used for the subject should not be preceded by a preposition .

      Verb

      The verb follows the subject: it generally shows the action of the sentence. NOTE:Every sentence must have a verb. The verb may be a single word.
example :

John drives too fast.
They hate spinach.
The verb may be a verb phrase. A verb phrase consists of one or more
auxiliaries and one main verb. The auxiliaries always precede the main
verb.
example :

John is going to Miami tomorrow. (auxiliary-is, main verb-going)
Jane has been reading that book. (auxiliaries-has. been; main verb-reading)=present perfact countineus.

Complement:
A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase; however, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice. NOTE: Every sentence does not require a complement. The complement CANNOT begin with a preposition. A complement answers the question what? or whom?

Examples of complements:
They called Mary yesterday. (Whom did they call?)
He was smoking a cigarette. (What was he smoking?)

            Modifier:
A modifier tells the time, place, or manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.

Example of Modifier :

She drove the car on Main Street. (Where did she drive?)
(on Main Street: Modifier of place )
We ate dinner at seven o’clock. (When did we eat dinner?)
(at seven o’clock: Modifier of time)

sumber :

https://hidayatullahahmad.wordpress.com/2013/03/18/normal-sentence-pattern-in-english/